用于水生病原菌的3种高通量活菌计数方法的比较

以一株副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)作为研究对象，比较了MTT [3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐]比色法、ATP生物发光法和高通量生长曲线法在活细菌高通量计数上的应用效果。用96孔培养板进行不同浓度细菌活菌计数，确定了上述3种方法在副溶血弧菌活菌计数的标准曲线和线性范围。结果显示，副溶血弧菌的MTT比色法以DMSO溶解的MTT产物甲瓒在555 nm的吸光度(OD555 nm)为计数依据，活菌数的对数(LgC)与LgOD555 nm线性关系的标准曲线为LgC=(1.0439±0.0200)LgOD555 nm+(8.0565±0.0125)，相关系数R²=0.9965，线性检测范围为7.8×106~2.5×108 CFU/ml；ATP生物发光法以ATP产生的相对发光度值(RLU)为计数依据，LgC与LgRUL线性关系的标准曲线为LgC=(0.9590±0.0065)LgRLU+(0.9949±0.0366)，相关系数R²=0.9994，线性检测范围为1.0×104~3.0×108 CFU/ml；高通量生长曲线法以生长曲线达到拐点的时间(Ts)为计数依据，LgC与Ts线性关系的标准曲线为LgC=?(0.8727±0.0230)Ts+(9.0128±0.1572)，相关系数R²=0.9924，线性检测范围为1.0×100~1.0×107 CFU/ml。用3种方法对实际菌液测量并与平板计数法比较表明，ATP生物发光法与高通量生长曲线法有很好的准确性，MTT比色法准确度稍差，而高通量生长曲线法有最宽的线性范围，也最适合高通量测定。     

胶州湾鱼类生物量粒径谱特征

为了解胶州湾海域鱼类群落粒径结构特征,本研究根据2016-2017年4次底拖网调查数据构建了胶州湾鱼类生物量粒径谱,比较分析了各季节鱼类生物量粒径谱特征参数的异质性。结果显示,胶州湾Sheldon型鱼类生物量粒径谱呈现单峰模式,鱼类粒径范围为-3~10粒径级,粒径分布相对均匀,且峰值位于5~6粒径级,主要由大泷六线鱼和褐菖鲉等小型鱼类构成。各季节鱼类标准化生物量粒径谱曲率和曲度差异显著,其中春季曲率最大且曲线较平缓,夏季曲率最小且曲线相对陡峭。谱线曲度和曲率的季节变化主要与粒径小的细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼、玉筋鱼及长丝虾虎鱼等地方常栖性种类和赤鼻棱鳀、白姑鱼等季节洄游性种类的出现有关。Abundance-biomass comparison(ABC)曲线表明,春季处于未干扰状态,冬季处于中度干扰状态,夏秋季处于严重干扰状态。研究表明,胶州湾鱼类群落总体处于严重干扰状态,鱼类生物量谱呈现单峰型,粒径结构以小型粒径鱼类为主,且地方常栖性和季节洄游性鱼类等补充群体的数量和粒径大小影响鱼类生物量粒径谱的峰型和曲率。     

基于SPSS软件对水稻育秧土水分测定结果的拟合和修正

现采用TK100多功能水分测定仪对水稻育秧土进行水分测定。通过SPSS21.0软件,以TK100多功能水分测定仪测定的含水率为自变量,实际含水率(烘干法测得育秧土含水率)为因变量进行曲线拟合,并对拟合出的三种方程相关系数R、回归显著性检验的F值以及F值的显著水平P值进行对比分析,得出最优拟合曲线方程y=2.84-0.05x+0.007 25x2。在验证试验中,拟合函数计算出的含水率与烘干法测得的含水率配对t检验结果无显著差异,拟合曲线恰当、准确。     

不同种植密度条件下单混种作物的生长曲线

代谢比例理论(Metabolic Scaling Theory)认为,植物小个体或幼苗的生物量和物质能量代谢速率之间的异速生长指数为1,而随着植物个体的逐渐增大,其代谢异速生长指数逐渐趋近于3/4。2012年,Deng等基于代谢比例理论建立了植物小个体的动态生长模型。然而,对于受到种内或种间不同竞争压力的植物个体来说,其生长过程无疑将受到邻体竞争的影响,他们是否仍然遵循上述植物小个体的动态生长模型尚不得而知。本研究针对此科学问题选取了春小麦(Triticum aestivum)、胡麻(Linum usitisimum)、玉米(Zea mays)3种作物分别进行两两组合混合种植以及单独种植,种植密度分别为高、中、低3种不同密度梯度;在作物出苗至成熟期间,分别对株高、基茎、冠幅、生物量、以及不同时期样方植物密度共进行6次跟踪测定。通过对Deng等建立的植物小个体动态生长模型的拟合分析,发现在种植密度梯度下不论单种还是混种,其植物个体的生长曲线均符合植物小个体动态生长模型,且具有相似生态位的物种混种条件下的个体生长状况要好于单种条件下的个体生长状况,而低密度条件下的生长状况亦显著优于中、高密度个体生长状况。总之,不同竞争压力下的植物个体,其生长速率和成熟大小虽有所变化,但其生长曲线均符合上述生长模型的预测。该研究不但对植物小个体生长模型和代谢理论的可靠性进行了进一步的验证,而且还使该理论的应用与发展得到进一步的完善。     

Genetic evaluation using random regression models with different covariance functions for test‐day milk yield in an admixture population of Thailand goats

The objectives of this study were to compare covariance functions (CF) and estimate the heritability of milk yield from test‐day records among exotic (Saanen, Anglo‐Nubian, Toggenburg and Alpine) and crossbred goats (Thai native and exotic breed), using a random regression model. A total of 1472 records of test‐day milk yield were used, collected from 112 does between 2003 and 2006. CF of the study were Wilmink function, second‐ and third‐order Legendre polynomials, and linear splines 4 knots located at 5, 25, 90 and 155 days in milk (SP25–90) and 5, 35, 95 and 155 of days in milk (SP35–95). Variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood method (REML). Goodness of fit, Akaike information criterion (AIC), percentage of squared bias (PSB), mean square error (MSE), and empirical correlation (RHO) between the observed and predicted values were used to compare models. The results showed that CF had an impact on (co)variance estimation in random regression models (RRM). The RRM with splines 4 knots located at 5, 25, 90 and 155 of days in milk had the lowest AIC, PSB and MSE, and the highest RHO. The heritability estimated throughout lactation obtained with this model ranged from 0.13 to 0.23.     

测定活性炭对四氯化碳吸附值的新方法─—迎头色谱穿透曲线法

提出了一种快速测定活性炭对四氯化碳的吸附值新方法。详细介绍了测定的系统装置、控制条件和操作步骤；阐明了通过穿透曲线测定活性炭对四氯化碳吸附值的原理；分析了规定的四氯化碳吸附值的物理意义。该方法测定快速、操作简易，数据精度符合要求。     

Initial shapes of stress-strain curve of wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses and the piezoelectric behavior

This study investigated the relationship between the initial shape of the stress (σ)-strain (ε) curve of a Chamaecyparis obtusa wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses at various angles between the fiber direction and load direction and the piezoelectric behavior. The main findings of the study are: (1) the σ-ε curve became convex initially, and then the stress was proportional to the strain. The σ-ε curve had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading. (2) The σ-piezoelectric voltage (P) curve was nonlinear, with a maximal point or cusp on the curve, which had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading, as was also observed for the σ-ε curve. (3) The plot of the first derivative of the stress [dσ/dε (= σ′)] against ε was nonlinear. The σ′-ε and P-ε curves at various angles were fairly similar. (4) The stress at the maximal point (or cusp) of the σ-P curve decreased with an increase in the angle between the fiber direction and load direction. The tendency of the stresses was very similar to that of Young’s modulus and compression strength calculated from Hook’s law and Hankinson’s law, respectively.     

几种乡土树种光合生理特性研究

采用美国LI—COR公司生产的LI—6400便携式光合测定系统对几种乡土树种的光合生理特性进行了研究。结果表明:①椿叶花椒、构树、臭椿和翅荚木的光补偿点分别为45.8、40.5、36.4和17.8μmol/(m2.s),光饱和点分别为607.3、624.9、573.4和373.8μmol/(m2.s),表观量子利用效率分别为0.055 7、0.046 6、0.044 1和0.047 0;②CO2补偿点分别为91.3、77.3、83.1和81.5μmol/mol,CO2饱和点分别为1 668.2、1 077.9、1 518.1和1 251.7μmol/mol,羧化效率分别为0.071 2、0.081 9、0.087 2和0.072 7;③4个树种的光合能力为椿叶花椒>构树>臭椿>翅荚木。     

立交匝道中桩及边桩坐标计算的新方法

以安楚高速公路某一立交匝道测设数据为例 ,给出坐标计算公式及编程思路 ,节省了坐标计算的时间及提高了计算数据的精度 ,为立交匝道放样提供了方便